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  Introduction
  Geography
  People
  Government
  Economy
  Communications
  Transportation
  Military
  Transnational Issues

In general, information available as of 1 January, 2004
was used in the preparation of The World Factbook 2004.


This page was last updated on 27 January, 2005


Map of Kenya

Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order
   Introduction    Kenya
Background:
Definition Field Listing
Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence until his death in 1978, when President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but are viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. President MOI stepped down in December of 2002 following fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI, running as the candidate of the multiethnic, united opposition group, the National Rainbow Coalition, defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform.
   Geography    Kenya
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
1 00 N, 38 00 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Africa
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 582,650 sq km
land: 569,250 sq km
water: 13,400 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
slightly more than twice the size of Nevada
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 3,477 km
border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
536 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
gold, limestone, soda ash, salt, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 8.08%
permanent crops: 0.98%
other: 90.94% (2001)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
670 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value
   People    Kenya
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
32,021,856
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 40.6% (male 6,575,409; female 6,430,218)
15-64 years: 56.5% (male 9,126,847; female 8,962,905)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 399,050; female 527,427) (2004 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing
total: 18.6 years
male: 18.5 years
female: 18.7 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
1.14% (2004 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
27.82 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
16.31 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: according to UNHCR, by the end of 2001 Kenya was host to 220,000 refugees from neighboring countries, including: Somalia 145,000 and Sudan 68,000 (2004 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 62.62 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 65.55 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 59.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: 44.94 years
male: 44.79 years
female: 45.1 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
3.31 children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
6.7% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.2 million (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
150,000 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Kenyan(s)
adjective: Kenyan
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1%
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, Muslim 10%, other 2%
note: a large majority of Kenyans are Christian, but estimates for the percentage of the population that adheres to Islam or indigenous beliefs vary widely
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 85.1%
male: 90.6%
female: 79.7% (2003 est.)
   Government    Kenya
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Republic of Kenya
conventional short form: Kenya
former: British East Africa
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
republic
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
Nairobi
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
12 December 1963 (from UK)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
Independence Day, 12 December (1963)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2001
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
based on Kenyan statutory law, Kenyan and English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002) and Vice President Moody AWORI (since 25 September 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002) and Vice President Moody AWORI (since 25 September 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; in addition to receiving the largest number of votes in absolute terms, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at least five of Kenya's seven provinces and one area to avoid a runoff; election last held 27 December 2002 (next to be held NA December 2007); vice president appointed by the president
election results: President Mwai KIBAKI elected; percent of vote - Mwai KIBAKI 63%, Uhuru KENYATTA 30%
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (224 seats; 210 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 12 so-called "nominated" members who are appointed by the president but selected by the parties in proportion to their parliamentary vote totals, 2 ex-officio members)
elections: last held 27 December 2002 (next to be held by early 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NARC 125, KANU 64, FORD-P 14, other 7; ex-officio 2; seats appointed by the president - NARC 7, KANU 4, FORD-P 1
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president); High Court
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People [Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU [Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI] - the governing party
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
human rights groups; labor unions; Muslim organizations; National Convention Executive Council or NCEC, a proreform coalition of political parties and nongovernment organizations [Kivutha KIBWANA]; Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Mutava MUSYIMI]; Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY]
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Yusuf Abdulraham NZIBO
chancery: 2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 387-6101
FAX: [1] (202) 462-3829
consulate(s) general: offices in Los Angeles and New York are closed; mission to the UN remains open
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador William M. BELLAMY
embassy: US Embassy, United Nations Ave., Gigiti; P. O. Box 606 Village Market Nairobi
mailing address: Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831
telephone: [254] (2) 537-800
FAX: [254] (2) 537-810
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center
   Economy    Kenya
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
The regional hub for trade and finance in East Africa, Kenya has been hampered by corruption, notably in the judicial system, and by reliance upon several primary goods whose prices have remained low. In 1997, the IMF suspended Kenya's Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program due to the government's failure to maintain reforms and curb corruption. A severe drought from 1999 to 2000 compounded Kenya's problems, causing water and energy rationing and reducing agricultural output. As a result, GDP contracted by 0.2% in 2000. The IMF, which had resumed loans in 2000 to help Kenya through the drought, again halted lending in 2001 when the government failed to institute several anticorruption measures. Despite the return of strong rains in 2001, weak commodity prices, endemic corruption, and low investment limited Kenya's economic growth to 1.2%. Growth lagged at 1.1% in 2002 because of erratic rains, low investor confidence, meager donor support, and political infighting up to the elections. In the key 27 December 2002 elections, Daniel Arap MOI's 24-year-old reign ended, and a new opposition government took on the formidable economic problems facing the nation. In 2003, progress was made in rooting out corruption, and encouraging donor support, with GDP growth edging up to 1.7%.
GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $33.03 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.5% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 19.7%
industry: 18.6%
services: 61.8% (2003 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
14.3% of GDP (2003)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
50% (2000 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 37.2% (2000)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field Listing
44.9 (1997)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
9.8% (2003 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
11.45 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture 75% (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
40% (2001 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $2.761 billion
expenditures: $3.406 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Public debt:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
62.9% of GDP (2003)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products processing; oil refining, cement; tourism
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2% (2003 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4.033 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
3.981 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing
0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
230 million kWh (2001)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
57,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA (2001)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA (2001)
Current account balance:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$-306 million (2003)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$2.514 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Uganda 12.7%, UK 12.5%, US 9.4%, Netherlands 8.5%, Pakistan 5%, Egypt 4.6%, Tanzania 4.3% (2003)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$3.705 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
UAE 13.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.6%, South Africa 8.6%, UK 7.4%, China 6.3%, US 5.1%, India 5.1%, Japan 4.9%, Germany 4.2% (2003)
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$1.455 billion (2003)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$5.916 billion (2003 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
$453 million (1997)
Currency:
Definition Field Listing
Kenyan shilling (KES)
Currency code:
Definition Field Listing
KES
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
Kenyan shillings per US dollar - 75.9356 (2003), 78.7491 (2002), 78.5632 (2001), 76.1755 (2000), 70.3262 (1999)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
1 July - 30 June
   Communications    Kenya
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
328,400 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1,590,800 (2003)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: unreliable; little attempt to modernize except for service to business
domestic: trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system
international: country code - 254; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 24, FM 18, shortwave 6 (2001)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
8 (2002)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.ke
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
8,325 (2003)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
400,000 (2002)
   Transportation    Kenya
Railways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 2,778 km
narrow gauge: 2,778 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
Highways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 63,942 km
paved: 7,737 km
unpaved: 56,205 km (2000)
Waterways:
Definition Field Listing
part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya (2004)
Pipelines:
Definition Field Listing
refined products 752 km (2004)
Ports and harbors:
Definition Field Listing
Kisumu, Lamu, Mombasa
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing
total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,049 GRT/7,082 DWT
by type: petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 2
registered in other countries: 9 (2003 est.)
Airports:
Definition Field Listing
221 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 206
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 110
under 914 m: 84 (2004 est.)
   Military    Kenya
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
Army, Navy, Air Force
Military manpower - military age and obligation:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Military manpower - availability:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 8,313,051 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 5,150,405 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$231 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.8% (2003)
   Transnational Issues    Kenya
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
Kenya's administrative boundary still extends into the Sudan, creating the "Ilemi Triangle"; Kenya has acted as an important mediator in Sudan's north-south civil war; Kenya and Uganda are working together to stem cattle rustling and violence by Lord's Resistance Army along the border
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Definition Field Listing
refugees (country of origin): 154,272 (Somalia), 11,139 (Ethiopia), 63,197 (Sudan)
IDPs: 350,000 (KANU attacks on opposition tribal groups in 1990s) (2004)
Illicit drugs:
Definition Field Listing
widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center, massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities

This page was last updated on 27 January, 2005


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