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- Review Questions |
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Demographics |
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Census |
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In-class project: Your own private, fantasy census |
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Malthus |
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American Generations |
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Baby boomers |
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Gen X |
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In-class Gen X & BB's |
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Population Overview: World population distribution & the factors affecting pop growth |
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| Population Charts |
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| The Population of the top 5 countries |
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| In-class: Your families' population growth |
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| Demography is the study of the characteristics of populations
demo people graphy study of |
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Uses of demography
Social sciences Marketing Governmental analysis to develop policy Politics Urban Planning |
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Common Examples of Demographic Measures | ||||
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The Census is required by Federal Law to be taken every 10 years on the decade | ||||
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Historically, the census has been a direct count, not
a statistical estimate
For the 2000 census, there was much debate over this |
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The TWO primary uses of the Federal Census are:
a. to apportion seats in US House, b. to distribute federal funds to states, counties, & cities |
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US census decided not to list “mixed race” as a category. Why? | ||||
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Limitations
10 yrs. is too long in that populations may change immensely during that time 10 yr. is too short in that it is expensive & takes 4-4 yrs. to complete Many countries don't do a census Race may mask more important identities which are ignored Cannot do statistical sampling What are the advantages & disadvantages of sampling? |
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In-Class Project: Your Own Private Census |
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Malthus' theory is that population increases faster than food
production,
therefore populations, including humans, will regulate themselves or "crash" via starvation |
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Economic progress vs dystopia
Malthus contradicted the belief prevailing in the early 19th C esp Godwin and Rousseau, that a societies' fertility would lead to economic progress Today this traditional debate continues, do you see storm clouds or rainbows in the future? |
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Population control & social policy has always been linked
Malthus' theory was often used as an argument against efforts to better condition of the poor |
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Is the population explosion a dud?
Malthus & population explosion theory has not held much currency population levels have not come up to the levels expected & while thousands of people starve to death each day, global or continental famine has not occurred Why? |
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Post War Baby Boom: b. 1944 to 1964 d. 2024 to 2044 ( est. average life of 80 yrs. ) | ||||
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Qualities of the parents of the Boomers ( the Greatest Generation
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( the Grandparents of Gen X ) which affected the Boomers After WW2: A high rate of marriage overall ( but not highest marriage rate ) Children per mother of Boomers increased Women married earlier than previous generations Dominant US (political & econ) encouraged marriage/families Social & cultural factors reflected this |
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Characteristics of the Baby Boomers
Presently the largest cohort Most educated in history at their time Marry later, more likely to divorce than WW2 generation ( their parents ) Transition from manufacturing economy to service economy Not as well-off as parents who had good-times 50s Females: dramatically higher labor-force participation |
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International Association of Baby Boomers | Link | |||
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The Defining Moments of the Baby Boomers
Civil Rights Movement The 60s The Sexual Revolution Vietnam Women's Movement Environmental Movement Growth of Rock & Roll |
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The Future of Boomers
Educated workers will stimulate the economy Surplus of workers = un & underemployment By 2030 there will be 65 mm Boomers over 65 yrs. old ( 30 mm now ) Aged Boomers will overload the retirement & health care systems Aged Boomers will be a burden on Gen X unless Social Security & Health care systems are vastly improved now Aged Boomers will sell homes & create surplus of home real estate Aged Boomers will transfer wealth to Gen X |
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Gen X b. 1964 to 1980 d. 2054 to 2070 | ||||
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Parents of Gen X
Births of Gen X declined below 4 mm / yr. ( BB average ) TFR of Boomers hit a low of 1.7 More likely to stay single or divorce More single parent families Mom is as likely to work as Dad Parents not as well off as grandparents |
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Gen X Webpage |
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Gen X pop pyramid 1970 |
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Gen X pop pyramid 1980 | Link | |||
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Gen X pop pyramid 1990 |
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Gen X Mortality 1990 | Link | |||
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Characteristics of Gen X
Few blue collar workers Many tech workers Many service workers Long term income uncertain, but ahead of parents @ this time Most highly educated generation in American history Less likely to marry than Boomers Less likely to divorce than Boomers Smaller families than Boomers Return to traditional religion Relative peace & prosperity, until 9 11 |
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Defining Moments of Gen X? | ||||
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Future of Gen X
Will be more jobs available when Boomers retire Will pay more for Social Security, unless it is fixed now Will be at center of generational equity debate May be entering a new "Cold War" against Terrorism |
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Chart on World Population Growth | ||||
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World population has grown rapidly | ||||
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World Pop Clock |
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World Population Density is very unequal | ||||
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Pop density
Crude Population Density = population per sq. mile or sq. kilometer Nutritional Density = population per sq. mile of cultivable land Agricultural Density = population of farmers/etc per sq. mile of cultivable land Health-care Density = doctors per 1,000 population |
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Population Pyramids are Histograms turned vertically | ||||
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A Cohort is a group who share a common temporal demographic
experience
Youth Cohort less than 15 yrs. Middle Cohort 15 - 64 yr. Old Cohort more than 64 yr. |
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Dependency Ratio: ratio of Y + O / M | ||||
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Swedish Population Pyramid |
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US Population Pyramid: 1900 |
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US Population Pyramid: 1990 |
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There are many Social Factors affecting population growth | ||||
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Common | ||||
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1. Crude Birth Rate ( CBR ): # of live births per 1000 people | ||||
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2. Doubling Time: today 1.8 % growth = doubling in 40 yrs. | ||||
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3. Crude Death Rate (CDR) deaths per
1,000 people
The factors affecting the CDR include: health care, disease, food, war, etc. |
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| blank | The increase/decrease in the population = CBR - CDR | ||||
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4. Total Fertility Rate Births
per woman of child bearing age: 15 - 49 yrs.
TFR peaked in US at 3.7 TFR is a better predictor of population than CBR |
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5. Infant mortality rate: deaths of infants less than 1 yr. old per 1,000 live births | ||||
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6. Life expectancy: Average. # of yrs.
a newborn is expected to live
AIDS: in top 10 leading causes of death in US |
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7. The Demographic Transition ( DT ) occurs when
high birth & death rates are replaced
by low birth & death rates |
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| At the beginning of the DT there
is high birth rates & low death rates,
which results in the highest population growth rate |
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| At the end of the DT, there is
low birth & death rates
which results in the lowest population growth rate |
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8. Population Movement is affected by Push & Pull Factors | ||||
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9. Voluntary Migration | ||||
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10. Forced migration. | ||||
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11. Internal Voluntary Migration | ||||
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12. Internal Forced Migration | ||||
| blank | In-Class Project: Your family's population growth rate |
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Chart on the Effects of Population Growth | ||||
| blank | Population can be voluntarily regulated on the Personal Level in
THREE ways
Control our own fertility: - two or fewer children - child-free Lower our own consumption--reduce environmental impact Help raise awareness: tell people your beliefs |
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| blank | Population can be voluntarily regulated on the Societal Level in
MANY ways
that are largely consistent with Western Values Tax incentives for fewer children Raise awareness: Education programs on the problems of population growth Universal access to reproductive health care Invest in community Health Care Educate & empower Women Raising women's status Authorizing the age of marriage Universal access to education Protection & enhancement of human rights Antipoverty efforts Environmental protection & restoration efforts Economic development Increase factors leading to demographic transition |
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| blank | Population can be regulated on the Societal Level in
MANY ways
that are largely inconsistent with Western Values Mandatory limits on family size Mandatory birth control Tax penalties for children Forced abortions Infanticide |
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Chart on the Effects
of Population Growth
Ultimately the effects of population growth include:  which depletes resources which causes environmental destruction, both of which lead to scarcity & poverty, which lead to discrimination, (violation of human rights) migration, & conflict (war) |
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Review Questions
for Cultural Geography: Chapter
3: Population
1. _____________________ is the study of the characteristics of populations 2. List FOUR Common Examples of Demographic Measures a.
___________________________
3. The Census is required by Federal Law to be taken every ______________ years 4. List the TWO primary uses of the Federal Census:
a. ____________________________________
5. What are TWO limitations of the Census? a.
____________________________________________
6. Malthus' theory is that _________________ increases faster than ________________________ 7. Malthus believed that populations, including humans, will _______________ themselves via ________________ 8. List the FOUR most recent of America's Generations
a. ___________________________
9. 1. Boomers began in the year ___________, and is expected to largely be gone by the year _________ 10. List TWO qualities of the parents of the Boomers which affected
the Boomers:
11. List TWO characteristics of the Baby Boomers
12. List TWO of the Defining Moments of the Baby Boomers
13. List TWO expected features of the Future of Boomers
14. Gen X began in the year ___________, and is expected to largely be gone by the year _________ 15. List TWO qualities of the parents of the Gen X which affected Gen
X
16. List TWO characteristics of Gen X
17. List TWO of the Defining Moments of Gen X
18. List TWO expected features of the Future of Gen X
19. From the Chart on World Population Growth, the population explosion began in about the year _____________ 20. The World's population today is ________________________________ 21. __________ % of the population lives north of the equator 22. A _____________________ is a group who share a common temporal demographic experience 23. List TWO Social Factors affecting population growth
a. ______________________________________
24. Doubling Time today is at the rate of __________ %, which means to population will double in ___ yrs. 25. The Demographic Transition occurs when __________
birth & __________ death rates are replaced
25. At the beginning of the Demographic Transition there is __________ birth rates & __________ death rates, which results in the __________ population growth rate, while at the end of the Demographic Transition there is __________ birth rates & __________ death rates, which results in the __________ population growth rate 26. Draw the Chart on the Effects of Population Growth 27. List one way population can be voluntarily regulated on the Personal Level: _______________________ 28. List three ways that population can be voluntarily regulated on the Societal Level that are largely consistent with Western Values: a. _________________________________ b. _________________________________ 29. List two ways that population can be regulated on the Societal Level that are largely inconsistent with Western Values a. _________________________________ b. _________________________________ 30. The world populaton is about ______________ 31. The Chart on the World Population from 1950 - 2050 shows that population will grow steadily to about _______ 32. The Chart on the World Population Growth Rate from 1950-2050 shows that the growth rate is ______________ 33. Chart on the % Change of World Population Growth shows that the growth rate is ___________________ 34. List the Top 5 countries & their populations
a. _____________________ b. _____________________
35. The Top 5 countries' population equals about _____________
of the worlds total population
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