| The World Factbook | ||
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American Samoa |
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| Introduction | American Samoa |
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Background:
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Settled as early as 1000 B.C., Samoa was "discovered" by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year. |
| Geography | American Samoa |
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Location:
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Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and New Zealand |
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Geographic coordinates:
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14 20 S, 170 00 W |
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Map references:
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Oceania |
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Area:
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total: 199 sq km
note: includes Rose Island and Swains Island water: 0 sq km land: 199 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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0 km |
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Coastline:
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116 km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
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Climate:
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tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation |
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Terrain:
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five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island) |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Lata 966 m |
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Natural resources:
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pumice, pumicite |
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Land use:
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arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 15% other: 75% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km |
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Natural hazards:
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typhoons common from December to March |
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Environment - current issues:
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limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines |
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Geography - note:
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Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean |
| People | American Samoa |
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Population:
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57,902 (July 2004 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 36.6% (male 10,983; female 10,208)
15-64 years: 60.3% (male 18,010; female 16,933) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 699; female 1,069) (2004 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 22.4 years
male: 22.1 years female: 22.7 years (2004 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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0.04% (2004 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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24.46 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Death rate:
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3.39 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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-20.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 9.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 10.06 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 75.62 years
male: 72.05 years female: 79.41 years (2004 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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3.41 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: American Samoan(s)
adjective: American Samoan |
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Ethnic groups:
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Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5% |
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Religions:
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Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30% |
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Languages:
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Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English
note: most people are bilingual |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97% male: 98% female: 97% (1980 est.) |
| Government | American Samoa |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa
conventional short form: American Samoa abbreviation: AS |
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Dependency status:
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unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior |
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Government type:
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NA |
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Capital:
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Pago Pago |
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Administrative divisions:
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none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western |
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Independence:
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none (territory of the US) |
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National holiday:
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Flag Day, 17 April (1900) |
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Constitution:
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ratified 1966, in effect 1967 |
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Legal system:
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NA |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001)
election results: Togiola TULAFONO elected governor; percent of vote: Togiola TULAFONO 55.7%, Afoa Moega LUTU 44.3% elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 2 and 16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) head of government: Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 7 April 2003) cabinet: NA |
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2002 (next to be held 2 November 2004); Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004) note: American Samoa elects one nonvoting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2002 (next to be held 2 November 2004); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independents 18 |
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Judicial branch:
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High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Democratic Party [leader NA]; Republican Party [leader NA] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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Interpol (subbureau), IOC |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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none (territory of the US) |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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none (territory of the US) |
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Flag description:
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blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club |
| Economy | American Samoa |
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Economy - overview:
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This is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts most of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism is a promising developing sector. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $500 million (2000 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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NA |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $8,000 (2000 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: NA |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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NA (2003 est.) |
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Labor force:
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14,000 (1996) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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tuna canneries 34%, government 33%, other 33% (1990) |
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Unemployment rate:
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6% (2000) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants)
expenditures: $127 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY96/97) |
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Agriculture - products:
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bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock |
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Industries:
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tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA |
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Electricity - production:
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130 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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120.9 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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3,800 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Exports:
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$30 million (2002) |
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Exports - commodities:
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canned tuna 93% |
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Exports - partners:
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Samoa 33.3%, Japan 22.2%, Australia 11.1%, Canada 11.1%, New Zealand 11.1% (2003) |
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Imports:
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$123 million (2002) |
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Imports - commodities:
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materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6% |
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Imports - partners:
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Australia 33.3%, New Zealand 33.3%, Mauritius 9%, Japan 5.1%, South Korea 5.1%, UK 5.1% (2003) |
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Debt - external:
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NA (2002 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994 |
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Currency:
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US dollar (USD) |
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Currency code:
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USD |
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Exchange rates:
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the US dollar is used |
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Fiscal year:
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1 October - 30 September |
| Communications | American Samoa |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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15,000 (2001) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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2,377 (1999) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: NA
domestic: good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station international: country code - 1-684; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004) |
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Radios:
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57,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (2004) |
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Televisions:
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14,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.as |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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1 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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NA |
| Transportation | American Samoa |
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Highways:
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total: 350 km
paved: 150 km unpaved: 200 km |
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Ports and harbors:
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Aunu'u (new construction), Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago Pago, Ta'u |
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Merchant marine:
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none |
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Airports:
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3 (2003 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Military | American Samoa |
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Military - note:
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defense is the responsibility of the US |
| Transnational Issues | American Samoa |
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Disputes - international:
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none |
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This page was last updated on 27 January, 2005 |