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| Hawthorne effect: Form of reactivity:
Added social attn increases productivity |
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| Placebo effect: Form of reactivity
People react as a result of being studied, when in fact nothing has changed |
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| Placebo: false or phony treatment designed to differentiate
btwn
changes due to real treatment & "imagined" treatment |
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| The Hawthorne plant research | |
| Concept of econ person replaced w/ soc person | |
| Pace of wk set by wkrs | |
| Phase 1: inconsistent data | |
| Phase 2: prod /\ irregardless of env changes in wkplace! | |
| No easily identified relationship btwn prod & wk env | |
| Phase 3: output is determined by indi w/in a grp | |
| Phase 4: wkrs ( not mgrs ) controlled pace of wk | |
| 1. Wkrs at GE plant restricted output because | |
| a. Afraid of wking selves out of a job | |
| b. Mgt might
raise standards--
then they wouldn't be able to achieve goal set by mgt |
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| c. Low rate protected slow wkrs | |
| d. Mgt accepted the current rate | |
| 2. Wkrs treat diff mgrs diff'ly: more respect for upper mgt | |
| 3. Cliques or subgrps formed | |
| 4. Wkrs form codes of conduct | |
| a. no ratebusters | |
| b. no chiselers | |
| c. no squealers | |
| d. no stand-off-ish-ness | |