1.  FALSE - The limited number of studies of the effects of distributing contraceptives in high school clinics have all shown that this practice either had no effect on, or slightly reduced, the amount of teenage sexual activity.  The apparent reason: Students in schools with clinics became more informed about the consequences of their sexual behavior & felt more in control of their sexual behavior & thus were more willing to say NO.  During the 1990's teen pregnancy rates fell both because fewer teens were having sex & because more of those who did used contraceptives.  The former accounts for about one fourth of the decline; the latter for about three fourths.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2.  TRUE - Among those who do drink, there is little regional difference in the amount of alcohol consumed.  Average per person alcohol consumption in the South, however, is lower because a significantly larger population does not drink at all.  The apparent reason for this is that more people in the South practice religions that forbid or discourage drinking.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3.  FALSE - Research has shown that the majority of all poor people at any given time are poor only for a limited period, & their poverty is generally due to some personal of family crisis such as divorce or unemployment.  Most people use welfare to get through such crises.  Even before time limits were placed on welfare, only a minority of recipients actually became dependent on welfare for an extended period of time.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

4.  FALSE - Survey research in several instances of disaster predictions has shown that the best predictor of people's plans & actions is what they see their friends & neighbors doing.  In the case of an inaccurate but widely believed prediction of a central U.S. earthquake, what friends & neighbors planned to do made even more difference that whether people believed the forecast.  Similar findings were obtained in several studies of evacuation behavior during hurricane warnings.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

5.  FALSE - Some populations, such as Italians & Jews, have very high incidences of drinking (nearly all adults drink), but their rates of alcoholism are well below the average.  Other groups, such as some fundamentalist Protestants in the United States, contain relatively few drinkers, but those who do drink exhibit very high alcoholism rates, in part because they do their drinking on the sly.  Among some of these groups, the alcoholism rate is well above that of Italians & Jews.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

7.  FALSE - The GAP has not changed much, but the overall level of income has increased for African Americans, as has the growth of an African American middle class.  Median family income among African Americans has consistently been around 55 to 60 % of median white family income ever since the major civil rights laws were passed in the 1960s.  The processes of discrimination that produce or perpetuate such inequalities are apparently more subtle than those addressed by the laws.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

8.  FALSE - By & large, young people & adults commit different types of crimes.  Adult criminals are more likely to commit serious assaults, major thefts, & fraud, & are responsible for the great majority of homicides.  Juvenile delinquents are likely to commit smaller thefts, vandalism, & joy riding, as well as status offenses - things that are legal for adults to do but illegal for juveniles (for example, drinking, curfew violation, running away).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

9.  FALSE - The crime rates of American cities have been higher over the past few decades than in the past, though they have fallen since the mid 1990s.  The higher rates in recent decades, however, cannot be blamed on overcrowding, because by any measure (for example, people per square mile in the city or people per room in housing units), American cities have been getting progressively less crowded now than they were in the past.  For example, Chicago, New York, Boston, Cleveland, Detroit, & St. Louis all have far fewer people now than they had in 1950 - but their crime rates are higher than they were in 1950.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

10.  TRUE - Ever since the famous Kinsey Reports on sexual behavior were published in the late 1940s & early 1950s, survey data have found that the proportion of people with a predominantly homosexual preference has remained steady at around 3 or 4 percent for males & 2 or 3 percent for females.  The proportion with some homosexual experience is considerably larger, but it, too, has remained constant.

Farley, John.  Intro to Sociology.  Prentice Hall.